Which Supreme Court decision dissolved the Northern Securities Company as part of Roosevelt's trust-busting?

• A. United States v. Northern Securities Co. (1904)
• B. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
• C. Lochner v. New York (1905)
• D. Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States (1911)

Answer: (A)

Roosevelt’s trust-busting centered on using the Sherman Antitrust Act to curb powerful corporate combinations, especially in railroads. United States v. Northern Securities Co. (1904) directly applies to this, as the Supreme Court ruled that the Northern Securities Company—a holding company created by financier J. P. Morgan and railroad magnate James J. Hill to control several major railroads—violated the Sherman Antitrust Act and ordered its dissolution. This decision embodies the era’s move to dismantle monopolies through federal action and set a precedent that holding companies aiming to monopolize industries could be challenged and broken up. The other options touch on different issues or later cases (racial segregation, labor regulation, or a different antitrust ruling against Standard Oil), not the dissolution of the Northern Securities Company.